![]() Only a handful of large-scale (> 100 000 t CO 2 per year) capture plants using CO 2 for the production of fuels and chemicals and yield enhancement are in operation today, with the most recent commissioned at a steel plant in December 2022. In Canada, the 2022 federal budget proposed an investment tax credit for CCUS projects between 20, valued at 37.5% for utilisation equipment.In Belgium, the first large-scale capture plant converting steel emissions to ethanol was commissioned in December 2022.In April 2023, the European Union approved the ReFuelEU Aviation proposal which imposes blending mandates on synthetic fuels for aviation, increasing from 0.7% in 2030 to 28% in 2050, and 3 CCU projects targeting synthetic fuel received funding from the EU Innovation Fund’s latest large-scale call in 2022. ![]() In May 2023, the US government also launched the Clean Fuels & Products Shot, which aims to support alternative routes that can reduce the emissions intensity of fuels and chemicals by 85% by 2035, including CO 2 utilisation. The United States’ 2022 Inflation Reduction Act included major increases to the 45Q tax credit for CCUS, which supports CO 2 utilisation by providing tax credits now valued at USD 60 per tonne of CO 2 used.In addition, to be compatible with the NZE Scenario, all the CO 2 would need to come from air or biogenic sources, which is currently only the case for around 4 Mt CO 2 per year of planned CCU to fuels capacity for 2030.Ĭountries and regions making notable progress to advance CO 2 utilisation include: If all announced projects are commissioned, they could reach around half the level of CO 2 utilisation for synthetic fuel production by 2030 envisaged in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. The current project pipeline shows that around 10 Mt of CO 2 per year could be captured for these new uses by 2030, including around 7 Mt CO 2 in synthetic fuel production. New utilisation pathways in the production of CO 2-based synthetic fuels, chemicals, and building aggregates are gaining momentum. Around 230 Mt of CO 2 are currently used each year, mainly in direct use pathways in the fertiliser industry for urea manufacturing (~130 Mt) and for enhanced oil recovery (~80 Mt). not chemically altered) or indirectly (i.e. Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) refers to a range of applications through which CO 2 is captured and used either directly (i.e.
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